Should Marijuana Be Legalized - 988 Words

Marijuana is the most frequently used illicit drug and has been used by nearly 100 million Americans. According to the 2013 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, about 19.8 millions Americans have smoked marijuana in the past year (NSDUH). The debate about whether or not it should be legalization has resulted in passionate and well-funded organizations on both sides of the argument working to advance their position. Among those organizations, we have NORML (National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws) which is an agency that voiced for the legalization of marijuana. NORML is non-profit lobbying organization with its headquarter in Washington, U.S.A. It was founded in 1970 by Keith Stroup, an Illinois attorney, to provide a voice in the public policy debate for those who oppose the prohibition of marijuana and support the decriminalization of marijuana smokers. Its mission is â€Å"to move public opinion sufficiently to legalize the responsible use of marijuana by adults, and to serve as an advocate for consumers to assure they have access to high quality marijuana that is safe, convenient and affordable† (NORML, 2015). NORML’s Human Resource Management Human Resource Management is a planned approach to managing people effectively for performance it aims to establish a more open, flexible and caring management style so that staff will be motivated, developed and managed in a way that they can and will give of their best to support theirShow MoreRelatedShould Marijuana Be Legalized?849 Words   |  4 Pageswhether marijuana should be legalized. Around 23 states have legalized marijuana for medical and recreational use. In the state of Illinois, medicinal use of marijuana has been passed on April 17, 2013. Since January 2014, patients are able to obtain marijuana with a doctor s recommendation. The new debate is whether marijuana should be legalized for the general public as a recreational drug. Although some believe that marijuana is harmless, and that it has beneficial medicinal uses, marijuana shouldRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1715 Words   |  7 PagesMarijuana in Society Cannabis, formally known as marijuana is a drug obtained from the tops, stems and leaves of the hemp plant cannabis. The drug is one of the most commonly used drugs in the world. Only substances like caffeine, nicotine and alcohol are used more (â€Å"Marijuana† 1). In the U. S. where some use it to feel â€Å"high† or get an escape from reality. The drug is referred to in many ways; weed, grass, pot, and or reefer are some common names used to describe the drug (â€Å"Marijuana† 1). Like mostRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1489 Words   |  6 Pagescannabis plant or marijuana is intended for use of a psychoactive drug or medicine. It is used for recreational or medical uses. In some religions, marijuana is predominantly used for spiritual purposes. Cannabis is indigenous to central and south Asia. Cannabis has been scientifically proven that you can not die from smoking marijuana. Marijuana should be legalized to help people with medical benefits, econo mic benefits, and criminal benefits. In eight states, marijuana was legalized for recreationalRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1245 Words   |  5 PagesMarijuana is a highly debatable topic that is rapidly gaining attention in society today.   Legalizing marijuana can benefit the economy of this nation through the creation of jobs, increased tax revenue, and a decrease in taxpayer money spent on law enforcement.   Ã‚  Many people would outlaw alcohol, cigarettes, fast food, gambling, and tanning beds because of the harmful effects they have on members of a society, but this is the United States of America; the land of the free and we should give peopleRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1010 Words   |  5 PagesThe legalization of marijuana became a heated political subject in the last few years. Twenty-one states in America have legalized medical marijuana. Colorado and Washington are the only states where marijuana can be purchased recreationally. Marijuana is the high THC level part of the cannabis plant, which gives users the â€Å"high† feeling. There is ample evidence that supports the argument that marijuana is beneficial. The government should legalize marijuana recreationally for three main reasonsRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1231 Words   |  5 Pagesshows the positive benefits of marijuana, it remains illegal under federal law. In recent years, numerous states have defied federal law and legalized marijuana for both recreational and medicinal use. Arizona has legalized marijuana for medical use, but it still remains illegal to use recreationally. This is absurd, as the evidence gathered over the last few decades strongly supports the notion that it is safer than alcohol, a widely available substance. Marijuana being listed as a Schedule I drugRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1350 Words   |  6 Pagespolitics in the past decade would have to be the legalization of marijuana. The sale and production of marijuana have been legalized for medicinal uses in over twenty states and has been legalized for recreational uses in seven states. Despite the ongoing support for marijuana, it has yet to be fully legalized in the federal level due to cultural bias against â€Å"pot† smoking and the focus over its negative effects. However, legalizing marijuana has been proven to decrease the rate of incrimination in AmericaRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1145 Words   |  5 PagesLegalizing Marijuana Marijuana is a drug that has been actively used for centuries. This drug can be traced back to 2737 BC by the Chinese emperor Shen Nung. He spoke about the euphoric effects of Cannabis and even referred to it as the â€Å"Liberator of Sin.† Since early on, marijuana was seen as a medicinal plant that was recommended for medical uses. Marijuana is currently in schedule I, which means that physicians are not allowed to prescribe it in the United States (Hart, Ksir 2013). This drugRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?997 Words   |  4 PagesLegalize It: The Benefits of Legalizing Marijuana Should marijuana be legalized? Many Americans have been asked this question or have heard some type of news about the issue. Marijuana is commonly known as cannabis which refers to the dried up hemp plant cannabis sativa, even though marijuana is a plant and has no chemical additives it has been a tropic of controversy for many years but nowadays it is in the spotlight more than ever. For centuries, marijuana has been used by people throughout theRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized? Essay1457 Words   |  6 PagesSHOULD MARIJUANA BE LEGALIZED? Marijuana is a drug that has sparked much controversy over the past decade as to whether or not it should be legalized. People once thought of marijuana as a bad, mind-altering drug which changes a person’s personality which can lead to crime and violence through selling and buying it. In the past, the majority of citizens believed that marijuana is a harmful drug that should be kept off the market and out of the hands of the public. However, a recent study conducted

Good Agriculture Practices Free Essays

AGRICULTURE AND MAN PRT2008 (KUMP 45) GOOD AGRICULTURE PRACTICES (GAP) IN MALAYSIA PROF . ZAHARAH ABDUL RAHMAN GROUP MEMBERS †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ NORAFIZZA BT MAHAT NUR AMIRA HANIM BT AZMAN CHAN WEE ANN LIEW HUI QING JIVITHA THANARAJAN 169797 168494 169638 168358 161812 INTRODUCTION †¢ The term Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) can refer to any collection of specific methods, which when applied to agriculture, produce results that are in harmony with the values of the proponents of those practices. †¢ There are numerous competing definitions of what methods constitute â€Å"Good Agricultural Practices†, so whether a practice can be onsidered â€Å"good† will depend on the standards you are applying. We will write a custom essay sample on Good Agriculture Practices or any similar topic only for you Order Now †¢ Lets us look at one particular definition of â€Å"Good Agricultural Practices† as defined by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations †¢ Description of the UN FAO GAPs : i) Good Agricultural Practices are a collection of principles to apply for on-farm production and post-production processes, resulting in safe and healthy food and non-food agricultural products, while taking into account economical, social and environmental sustainability. ii) GAPs may be applied to a wide range of farming systems and at different scales. They are applied through sustainable agricultural methods, such as integrated pest management, integrated fertilizer management and conservation agriculture. †¢ GOOD AGRICULTURE PRACTICES IN MALAYSIA 1. Animal health ? Prevent the spread of disease onto the farm †¢ Animals that are identified of their disease status can only be allowed to be brought onto the farm. †¢ Cattle transport on and off the farm that do not carry any disease have to be ensured. †¢ The farm must have secure boundaries/fencing. †¢ If possible, limit access of people and wildlife into the farm. Have a flea control programme for the livestock. †¢ Only use clean equipment from the right and reliable source. ? Use only prescribed chemicals and veterinary medicines for farm usage †¢ Use chemicals according to instructions with appropriate dosages and observe suitable withholding periods. †¢ Only use prescribed veterinary medicines by veterinarians and observe specified withhol ding periods. †¢ Store chemicals and veterinary medicines securely and dispose of them properly. ? Train people appropriately †¢ Have procedures in check for detecting and handling sick animals and veterinary chemicals. Make sure all people are undergo sufficient training to carry out their tasks correctly. †¢ Choose reliable sources for advice. 2. Milking hygiene ? Ensure milking procedures do not injure cows or contaminate the produced milk †¢ Ensure suitable udder preparation for milking. †¢ Ensure consistency in application of milking techniques. †¢ Isolate milk from sick or treated animals. †¢ Ensure milking equipment is correctly installed and maintained. †¢ Ensure enough supply of clean water ? Ensure milking is carried out under hygienic conditions †¢ Ensure housing environment is clean at all times. Ensure milking area is kept clean. †¢ Ensure the milkers follow basic hygiene rules. 3. Animal feeding and water ? Ensure anima l feed and water are of high level of quality †¢ Keeping animals healthy with high quality feed. †¢ Prevent water supplies and animal feed materials from chemical contamination. †¢ Avoid chemical contamination due to farming practices. ? Control storage conditions of feed †¢ No microbiological or toxin contamination or undesirable use of prohibited feed ingredients or veterinary preparations. †¢ Keeping animals healthy with good quality feed. 4. Animal welfare Animals are free from thirst, hunger and malnutrition †¢ Provide enough feed (forage and/or fodder) and water daily. †¢ Control stocking rates and/or supplementary feeding to ensure sufficient water, feed and fodder supply. †¢ Protect animals from toxic plants and other harmful substances. †¢ Provide water supplies of good quality that are regularly inspected and maintained. ? Animals are free from pain, injury and disease †¢ Have an effective herd health management programme i n place and inspect animals regularly. †¢ Protect against imbalance. †¢ Lactating animals should be milked regularly. Avoid using procedures and practices that cause unnecessary pain to the animals. 5. Environment ? Have a correct waste management system. †¢ Ensure wastes are stored to reduce the risk of environmental pollution to the lowest level. †¢ Manage grassland to prevent effluent runoff by spreading farm manures appropriate with local condition. ? Ensure dairy farming practices do not have an adverse impact on the local environment †¢ Use chemicals (fertilizers, agricultural and veterinary chemicals, pesticides, etc) appropriately to avoid contamination of the local environment. Ensure overall appearance of the dairying operation is appropriate for a facility in which high quality food is produced 6. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) ?Takes into account the ecological factors and plant biology to minimize pest population to a minimum level without cau sing economic loss. †¢ Biological Control Pest control refers to the use of natural enemies that can influence growth, breeding and control of the pest population at a balance level. †¢ Cultural Control Cultural control is an agronomic practice used by farmers to increase their production. The followings are examples of cultural practices : a. Adopt and practice field hygiene, including in the surrounding areas, such as weeding and disposal of agricultural wastes (collect and destroy rotten fruits and diseased plant parts) b. Use of disease free planting materials c. Soil treatment like liming d. Pruning of pest infected plant parts e. Crop rotation f. Ploughing g. Use of resistant varieties h. Water management i. Selection of suitable sites j. Use of organic fertilizers to improve soil structure and soil †¢ Chemical Control 1. Chemical control covers the use of the following chemicals: i. Pesticides ii. Biopesticides like azadirachtin and Bacillus thuringiensis 2. Chemical attractants like i. Pheromones ii. Protein bait 3. The use of chemicals must be based on the following factors: i. Chemicals are used only when the pest population had reached or exceeded the economic threshold value ii. Do not use broad spectrum pesticides iii. If pesticides are to be used, the usage shall be minimum and environmentally friendly iv. The use of pesticides should be the last alternative for pest control Examples of Integrated Pest Management i. Pest Control for Bananas (Moko disease and Panama wilt) a. Use of disease free plantlets sourced through tissue culture and treatment of the planting materials if not sourced by tissue culture b. Monitoring and destruction of diseased plants c. Crop rotation and follow d. Farm equipments should be treated and free from pests before use e. Good drainage f. Prevention by spraying benomyl †¢ Control of Tungro (Penyakit Merah Virus) of Paddy a. Inspection of disease and vectors b. Planting of resistant varieties c. Simultaneous planting d. Eliminate source of disease and alternative hosts e. Good drainage and land preparation f. Use certified paddy seeds g. Use of pesticides to control vector (Nephotettix virescens) when there is an outbreak of the disease h. Implement the recommended fertilizer programme 7. Site Management The farm should have a Crop-Soil Suitability Map, for the following purposes:a. To ensure only crops which are suitable are planted in the farm. b. To identify the types of soil limitations and to make suggestions on their remedial actions for optimum crop production c. To obtain high and quality yield, e. g. ased on topography and agroclimatic zone, mango is suitable for planting in the States of Kedah, Perlis and Melaka. †¢ Factors taken into consideration for evaluating CropSoil Suitability are: a. Depth of soil b. Depth to acid sulphate layer c. Drainage d. Nutrient content e. Thickness of organic horizon f. Salinity g. Slope h. Soil texture/structure i. Stoniness Land Management: Terrace E xample of A Corporation Which Practices GAP Example of A Corporation Which Practices GAP †¢ Sime Darby Plantation possess a strong commitment to sustainable development as shown through its plantation business. Sime Darby Plantation is one member of the Roundtable for Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) and has adopted the best of industrial techniques into its daily operations. †¢ Sime Darby Plantation acts as an industry leader in Good Agricultural Practices (GAP). †¢ The good agriculture practices implemented by Sime Darby are as follows :i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi. vii. viii. Land management Water management Zero burning replanting technique Integrated pest management Palm oil mill effluent treatment system High conservation value forest in the estates Biodiversity Quality assurance THANK YOU How to cite Good Agriculture Practices, Papers

Group Communication Business Research Community

Question: Discuss about theGroup Communicationfor Business Research Community. Answer: Introduction The core purpose of this study is to emphasise the concept of group communication and groupthink by considering a specific case study. The study primarily zoncentrates on the groupthink in business with specific reference of Marks Spencers and British Airways case of the 1990s. Initially, the study establishes a theoretical knowledge regarding the groupthink which helps to understand the case study more effectively. Afterwards, the case study of Marks Spencer's and British Airways is manifested with relevant data and information. Along with that, the study also analyses the reason behind the operational failure of the chosen case study. Groupthink It has been found that the psychologist Irving Janiss publication of Groupthink phenomenon widely accepted in the business research community (Schafer Crichlow, 2010). Considering the statement of Sunstein Hastie (2015), it can be stated that groupthink takes place when a certain group makes faculty decisions. In this context, it is essential to mention that the group pressure deteriorates the moral judgement, reality testing, and mental efficiency of the individuals present in a group. Ntayi et al. (2010) criticised that groupthink leads people to take irrational actions which affect other people or the business where they are engaged. It is also mentioned that when the people in a group belong to a similar background, the groupthink results in a vulnerable outcome. In most of the organisations, the leadership techniques are incorporated in such a way so that the groupthink can be prevented in the workplace. Supporting the discussion, Kowert (2012) added that it is quite challengi ng for the managers to take effective actions for avoiding the groupthink. As per Janiss groupthink phenomenon indicates that cohesion is the primary antecedent for groupthink. In this context, it should be mentioned that two major types of cohesions are there that include task-based cohesion and interpersonal cohesion. As opined by Sunstein Hastie (2015), the interpersonal cohesion occurs from the personal relationship. On the other hand, the mutual commitment in a group might create task-based cohesion. Case Study of Marks Spencer's and British Airways in the 1990s The study considers the groupthink example from the corporate world. The case study of UK based organisations British Airways and Mark Spencer. In the period of 1990s, a negative impact of groupthink has been noticed when the two companies British Airways and Mark Spencer released globalisation expansion strategies (Riordan Riordan, 2013). As per the content analysis of media press release of Jack Eaton, the eight symptoms of groupthink were present during this period. Supporting the discussion, Redding (2012) represents these symptoms of groupthink are as below: Collective Rationalisation: Turner et al. (2011) stated that the collective rationalisation took place in this respective case study where the team thought that their decision is correct. However, arguments took place as groupthink directs the team to make a specific decision even if it is wrong. Peer Pressure Kowert (2012) opined peer pressure is another major symptom in the groupthink. In a context of the case study, it has been found that at the time when one or two persons decided to oppose the decisions of the entire team, he was told to leave the team. This indicates that the team pressure leads everyone to pursue the decision taken by the majority of the group. Complacency As per the discussion of Bnabou (2012), this particular symptom is noticed when the team is over confident about their decisions. At the time when the two companies British Airways and Mark Spencer has released the globalisation expansion strategies, they were confident that this would lead their business towards success. Tidd (2014) criticised that their globalisation strategies led to the fall of their reputation and stock market value due to their illusion of invulnerability. Moral High Ground Considering the discussion of Riordan Riordan (2013), it has been found that morality was superior to both of the respective companies British Airways and Marks Spencer. Their belief of not making an immoral decision was the reason that they avoid to identify all the potential failures. Stereotyped Views of Outsiders Turner et al. (2011) stated that he agreement of the groups is the reason that they think the outsider have inferior views. Censorship Turner et al. (2011) further opined that the groups chose to have some personal opinions which are the reflection of the culture where they worked. Self-appointed Mind Guards In words of Riordan Riordan (2013), it has been noticed that cohesion values reached beyond the value of making right decisions for these two companies. Illusion of Unanimity Tidd (2014) shared the statement that all members of the groups saw the unanimity and this was the reason that no one defended the decision taken by these two groups. Reason of its Operational Failure Among all the eight symptoms mentioned above, the most predominant symptom of groupthink was Illusion of unanimity' that caused operational failure of the companies (Riordan Riordan, 2013). In order to be more precise, both the organisations underestimated the activity of identifying potential risk during the years of their success when their business profitability increases. Turner et al. (2011) mentioned that this risk led them towards failure in the increasingly competitive market. It is also mentioned that the blue chips and darlings of the London Stock Exchange were considered by these companies. The wrong decisions were the major reason of the operational failure of these two companies. The share of British Airways and Marks Spencer dropped from 740 to 300 and 590 to less than 300 during the period 1998-1999 (Tidd, 2014). Conclusion The study concludes that groupthink leads a particular group towards a collaborative approach where everyone pursues the decision whatever the group is decided. There is no scope of delivering oppose views if anyone thinks the decision is not correct in respect of the business goal. The same things happened in the case of British Airways and Marks Spencer when they decided to incorporate globalisation expansion strategies. The study concludes that the companies underestimated the identification the potential risks in the challenging market. This was the prime reason of their operational failure. Reference List Bnabou, R. (2012). Groupthink: Collective delusions in organizations and markets.The Review of Economic Studies, rds030. Kowert, P. (2012).Groupthink or deadlock: when do leaders learn from their advisors?. SUNY Press. Ntayi, J. M., Byabashaija, W., Eyaa, S., Ngoma, M., Muliira, A. (2010). Social cohesion, groupthink and ethical behavior of public procurement officers.Journal of Public procurement,10(1), 68. Redding, R. E. (2012). Likes attract: The sociopolitical groupthink of (social) psychologists.Perspectives on Psychological Science,7(5), 512-515. Riordan, D., Riordan, M. (2013). Guarding against groupthink in the professional work environment: a checklist.Journal of Academic and Business Ethics,7, 1. Schafer, M., Crichlow, S. (2010).Groupthink versus high-quality decision making in international relations. Columbia University Press. Sunstein, C. R., Hastie, R. (2015).Wiser: Getting beyond groupthink to make groups smarter. Harvard Business Press. Tidd, J. (2014). Conjoint innovation: Building a bridge between innovation and entrepreneurship.International Journal of Innovation Management,18(01), 1450001. Turner, M. E., Pratkanis, A. R., Struckman, C. K. (2011). Groupthink refers to the extreme concurrence-seeking displayed by.The science of social influence: Advances and future progress, 223.